The fruit sector on Hawaii Island is crucial for the local agricultural economy but faces significant challenges such as logistical difficulties and supply-demand misalignment which lead to periods of surplus and shortages. Opportunities for growth include the development of value-added products such as fruit powders and essences, which can extend the market reach and improve shelf stability of the products. Investing in cold chain infrastructure and localized processing facilities could significantly reduce losses and enhance the sector's competitiveness. Collaborative efforts and public-private partnerships are essential to address these systemic constraints and leverage opportunities for sustainable growth.

Vegetable and melon production benefits from Hawaii's diverse microclimates, which allow for a wide variety of products. However, the perishable nature of these products demands rapid and efficient distribution systems to maintain freshness. There is untapped potential in processing which could include creating vegetable powders or packaged fresh-cut products for local and tourist markets. Enhancing infrastructure, such as developing local processing centers and improving transportation routes, would help stabilize supply chains and reduce wastage, making these products more competitive and accessible.

Livestock and dairy production on Hawaii Island is notably affected by the high costs associated with importing feed, alongside challenges in processing capacity which limits market expansion. Opportunities for sectoral improvement include enhancing local distribution networks and establishing small-scale, localized processing units that could help in adding value to products such as cheese, yogurt, and packaged meats. These changes could enable producers to better meet local demand and potentially enter into higher-value markets .